Ancient coins from the Warsaw University Institute of Archaeology excavations at Ptolemais, Libya (2002-2004), Archeologia 56, 2005

PL ISSN 0066-605X PIOTR JAWORSKI ANCIENT COINS FROM THE WARSAW UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY EXCAVATIONS AT PTOLEMAIS, LIBYA (2002-2004) (PI. VIII-XI) ABSTRACT. The article presents coin finds from the excavations carried out by the Warsaw University Institute of Archaeology in the Villa with a View at Ptolemais, Libya, in 2002-2004. Included in the catalogue are 118 coins, all bronzes with the exception of one denarius of Severus Alexander. More than half of the coins were struck in Greek mints in Hellenistic and Roman times. The assemblage largely corresponds to the mate- rial previously discovered at the site by an American expedition and to the collection kept in the local museum. A considerable percentage of the coins comes from destruction layers and accumulated deposits related to severe earthquakes during the 3rd and 4th centuries AD. Upon analysis, this set gives a fairly consistent idea of the chronology of the Villa with a View and its immediate neighborhood. The proposed chronology is confirmed by stylistic analyses of the architectural decoration, mosaics and murals from the villa. The Warsaw University Institute of Archaeology excavations of one of the urban insulae in Ptolemais (present-day Tolmeita, Libya), city of the Cyrenaican Pentapolis and capital of the Roman province in Late Antiquity, have brought to light the central section of a Roman villa (called Villa with a View) with an interesting set of floor mosaics and well preserved painted wall decoration.1 Four seasons of fieldwork (since 2001)2 have also yielded a few thousand small finds, including pottery (definitely the most numer- ous category), lamps (c. 400 whole and fragmentary pieces) and many other objects of stone, glass, terra- cotta, worked wood, and metal. The assemblage also included coins, the absolute majority of which (126) were identified as Greek and Roman. The first cate- gories to be presented in detail are the mosaics,3 murals,4 and coins. It is anticipated that future stud- ies of the other categories of finds will further our analysis of the Polish sector of excavations and con- tribute to the progress in research on the ancient city of Ptolemais as a whole. THE COINS FROM ANCIENT PTOLEMAIS: STATE OF RESEARCH AND STUDY PERSPECTIVES This is the first new numismatic material to be published from the site of Ptolemais following in- vestigations carried out by the Italians (1935-1942) and the Americans (second half of the 1950s). Due to specific geopolitical conditions in the past forty years, there was no regular archaeological activity 1 The article was prepared under a research grant from the Committee for Scientific Research of the Republic of Poland. I am indebted to Mr. Faraj Abdulkarim Omran Tahir, director of the Archaeological Museum in Ptolemais (Tolmeita), for showing me the museum's coin collection and for his all-encompassing assist- ance. I would like to thank Ms. Angelika Dhiska for preparing the drawings for this article and Mr. Wiesiaw Malkowski for dis- cussing the geodetic-measurement results. 2 T. MIKOCKI, Polskie wykopaliska archeologiczne w Libii. Wykopaliska Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego w Ptolemais (Tolmeita). Sondaze 2001 r., Swiatowit 3, fasc. A, 2001, pp. 101-120; T. MIKOCKI, P. JAWORSKI, M. MUSZYNSKA, Ptolemais in Libya. The Warsaw University Institute of Archaeo- logy excavations in 2002 and 2003. Report on two seasons of fieldwork, Swiatowit 5, fasc. A, 2003, pp. 107-118. 3 T. MIKOCKI, New Mosaics from Ptolemais in Libya, Archeo- logia 55, 2004, pp. 19-30; IDEM, The Achilles Mosaic from the Villa with a View in Ptolemais, Libya, in this volume, pp. 57-68. 4 J. ZELAZOWSKI, Alcune considerazioni sulle pitture parie- tarie di una casa del III sec. d.C. a Ptolemais (Cirenaica), in this volume, pp. 69-75. © Piotr Jaworski, 2005 77 PIOTR JAWORSKI ARCHEOLOGIA LVI 2005 on the site before 2001 when Tomasz Mikocki on behalf of the Polish expedition was granted permis- sion to dig.5 Coin finds from the American excava- tions, discussed in the only monograph of the site published so far,6 provide good comparative mate- rial for a study of coins from the Villa with a View. General conclusions are lacking, however, except for a few remarks concerning numismatic evidence for the presence of the Jewish element in the population of Ptolemais. The numismatic report from British excava- tions conducted by the London Society for Libyan Studies at the site of Sidi Khrebish in Benghazi, while not as detailed as, for instance, the studies of tableware, plain wares and lamps, is equally useful.7 The summary list of closed deposits dated by cera- mics, glass, terracotta lamps and coins8 is of par- ticular importance as a standard for archaeological methodology and publishing. A veritable milestone in the research on Cyrenaican numismatics, which had stagnated after E.S.G. Robinson's publication9 in the BMC series, were TV. Buttrey's studies,10 crowned with a model publication of coins from American excavations in the sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene." Buttrey concentrated on the poorly investigated Roman coinage of Cyrenaica; having personal experience of the numismatic mate- rial coming from excavations, he was also able to reevaluate knowledge of local issues of Ptolemaic coins, indicating a Cyrenaican origin for most of the finds.12 Apart from this, there is A. Laronde's study which proves invaluable for understanding the eco- nomic and political changes occurring in Cyrenaica in the Hellenistic period (and their impact on the production of local mints).13 The assemblage of several dozen coins kept at the Archaeological Museum in Ptolemais (Tolmeita) has not been published yet. The coins originate from emergency actions undertaken by local archeologi- cal authorities on the site since the 1970s and acquisitions from local inhabitants.14 The present article offers a catalogue of the coins from Polish excavations, preceded by an overall cha- racteristic and archaeological interpretation of the assemblage. It is still too early for general conclu- sions concerning ancient Ptolemais, the economic life of the town and trade relations with other political centers, currency circulation, and characteristic of the local mints. DESCRIPTION OF THE ASSEMBLAGE As stated above, the present assemblage largely corresponds to the numismatic material from previ- ous American excavations at Ptolemais. The Sidi Khre- bish, Cyrene and Apollonia collections also reveal substantial resemblance to the Polish finds regard- 5 On the beginnings of Polish explorations in Cyrenaica, see MIKOCKI, Sondaze 2001, pp. 101 sq. 6 C.H. KRAELING, Ptolemais. City of the Libyan Pentapolis, Chicago 1962, pp. 263-269, including a fairly random set of coins purchased by the American expedition from the local people. 7 R. REECE, The Coins, in: Excavations at Sidi Khrebish, Benghazi (Berenice) [Supplements to Libya Antiqua - V], vol. I, London 1977, pp. 229-232. 8 RM. KENRICK, A Summary of Dated Deposits, in: Excava- tions at Sidi Khrebish, pp. 289-311. 9 E.S.G. ROBINSON, Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Cyre- naica [in the British Museum], London 1927. 10 T.V. BUTTREY, The Coins, in: Apollonia, the Port of Cy- rene: Excavations by the University of Michigan, 1965- 67, J. HUMPHREY ed. [Supplements to Libya Antiqua - IV], Tripoli 1976, pp. 361 -370; IDEM, The Roman coinage of the Cyrenaica, first century BC to first century AD, in: Studies in Numismatic Method Presented to Philip Grierson, C.N.L. BROOKE et al. eds., Cambridge 1983, pp. 23-46; IDEM, Crete and Cyrenaica, in: The Coinage of the Roman World in the Late Republic, A.M. BUR- NETT and M.H. CRAWFORD eds. [B.A.R. International Series 326], Oxford 1987, pp. 165-174. " IDEM, The Coins, in: The Extramural Sanctuary of Deme- ter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya. Final Reports, D. WHITE ed. [University Michigan Monograph 97], vol. VI, Philadelphia 1997, pp. 1-66. ing division into groups and quantitative proportions within particular groups. The interpretation of new finds is thus greatly facilitated, permitting a series of interesting phenomena to be noted, such as the characteristic halving of bronzes of ca. 28-30 mm in diameter, which occurred at the turn of the first '2 The origin of bronze Ptolemaic coins, especially the small coins of three types: Ptolemy I/head of Libya, Zeus-Amon/eagle, Zeus-Amon/headdress of Isis (Fig. 2), numerous among the ex- cavated numismatic material from Cyrenaica, is controversial. Of the three predominant types of small bronzes, ROBINSON, op. cit., regarded only the type with the head of Libya on the reverse as issued in Cyrenaica. Earlier, J. SVORONOS, Ta Nomismata tou Kratous ton Ptolemaion, Athens 1904-1908, attributed the other two types to Egypt, whereas A. KROMANN and O. M0RKHOLM, Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, vol. 40 - Egypt: The Ptolemies, Copenhagen 1977, ascribed them to unidentified mints in Cyprus. According to BUTTREY, The Roman coinage of the Cyrenaica, pp. 37 sq. (n. 1), mass finds of small Ptolemaic bronzes in Cyrenaica (confirmed also in the material from Ptole- mais) can be proof of their local provenance. The present author shares this opinion. 13 A. LARONDE, Cyrene et la Libye hellenistique. Libykai historiai de I'epoque republicaine au principal d'Auguste, Paris 1987. Translated into Arabic and published in Benghazi in 2004, the work now constitutes the principle textbook for educating' Libyan archaeologists specializing in the archaeology of Cyre- naica. 14 The present author was able to view this collection in 2004; its studies have not yet progressed beyond a preliminary stage. 78 ARCHEOLOGIA LVI 2005 ANCIENT COINS FROM PTOLEMAIS century B.C.15 Finding an explanation for this phe- nomenon will enhance our knowledge of the eco- nomic and political life of Ptolemais in the early years of Roman rule in Cyrenaica. Another interesting issue, noted already by other scholars,16 is the presence in considerable numbers on every archaeological site in Cyrenaica of second- century silver and bronze coins traditionally believed to come from distant Caesarea in Cappadocia.17 Dis- tinctive among these coins are specimens with the head of Zeus Ammon on the reverse (Fig. 1). The issue requires broader analysis, but already at the present stage of research it may be said that the coins of this group found in the Villa with a View are likely to be of local Cyrenaican production.18 All the coins from Polish excavations at Ptolemais with the exception of one, a denarius of Severus Alexander (cat. no. 83), are bronzes. Of the 126 iden- tified coins, 66 were struck in Greek mints in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Hellenistic specimens predominate and within this group Ptolemaic small change, attributed to local Cyrenaican mints,19 is the most numerous (Fig. 2). Among the Hellenistic coins there were also two examples struck in Cyrene in the third century B.C. (Fig. 3), as well as a halved coin of Hieron II (Fig. 4) of Syracuse20 and two Cyrenaican issues of coins of Cleopatra VII and Marc Anthony (Fig. 5). Meriting special attention are two halved coins from the late first century B.C.; both were struck in Cyrene and bear names of Roman officials in the legend (Figs. 6-7). The above-men- tioned bronzes attributed to Caesarea are dated to the second century A.D. 15 BUTTREY, The Roman coinage of the Cyrenaica, p. 30; IDEM, Halved Coins, the Augustan Reform, and Horace, Odes 1.3, AJA 76, 1972, pp. 31-48. 16 KRAELING, op. cit., p. 269. 17 E.A. SYDENHAM, The Coinage of Caesarea in Cappa- docia, London 1933, passim. In a new edition, revised and up- dated by A.G. MALLOY (New York 1978), mints outside Cappa- docia, including some in Cyrenaica, are indicated as striking at least part of the coins belonging to this category. 18 BUTTREY, Cyrene, p. 7, among others, subscribed to the opinion about the local origins of this group of coins. 19 See n. 12, supra. 20 On the halved coins of Hieron II, see BUTTREY, Halved Coins, p. 32; R. ROSS HOLLOWAY, Numismatic Notes from Mor- gantina II. Half Coins of Hieron II in the Monetary System of Roman Sicily, ANSMN 9, 1960, p. 65-73. Interestingly, a halved bronze coin of Hieron II found in Ptolemais may exemplify a local Cyrenaican adaptation of the denomination of another Greek center and testifies to contacts between Syracuse and Cyre- naica in Ptolemaic times. More on the relations of the two cen- ters: La Sicilia tra I'Egitto e Roma: la monetazione siracusana dell'etd di Ierone II. Atti del Seminario di Studi (Messina 2-4 dicembre 1993), a cura di M. CACCAMO CALTABIANO, Messina 1995, passim. See also M. CACCAMO CALTABIANO, in: Siracusa ellenistica. Le monete 'regali' di Ierone II, della sua famiglia e dei Siracusani, Messina 1997, pp. 53-60, 118-120. Fig. 1. Bronze coin of Hadrian, struck in Cyrenaica, formerly attributed to Cappadocian Caesarea (cat. no. 55). Drawing by A. Dhiska Fig. 2. Examples of the reverse of small Ptolemaic coins discovered at Ptolemais, from left: 1 - Museum in Ptolemais, 2 - Warsaw University Institute of Archaeology excavations (cat. no. 16), 3 - Museum in Ptolemais. Drawing by A. Dhiska Fig. 3. Bronze coin of Koinon, struck in Cyrene (cat. no. 2). Drawing by A. Dhiska Fig. 4. Halved bronze coin of Hieron II of Syracuse (cat. no. 66). Drawing by A. Dhiska 79 PIOTR JAWORSKI ARCHEOLOGIA LVI 2005 Fig. 5. As of Cleopatra VII and Marc Anthony, struck in Cyrenaica (cat. no. 48). Drawing by A. Dhiska In the set of 52 coins from Roman Imperial mints, which starts with an as of Tiberius and terminates with fifth-century small change, the most numerous group is constituted by the coins of the Antonines (Marcus Aurelius and Commodus), the last Severs and the first soldier-emperors (Severus Alexander, Gordian III, Philip the Arab, Trajan Decius, Tre- bonianus Gallus), and finally, Constantius II. The innumerous group of first-century coins includes is- sues of Tiberius and Caligula. Single examples rep- resent emperors of the second half of the first cen- tury and the first half of the second century. No coins at all can be attributed to the period between the reigns of Commodus and Severus Alexander. Coins ARCHAEOLOGICAL A considerable percentage of the Hellenistic coins, the Ptolemaic small change in particular, came from destruction layers and accumulated deposits con- nected with the severe earthquakes of the third and fourth centuries A.D. These layers consist largely of stone and plaster rubble, mud-brick remains and earth, all materials used in the construction of the Villa with a View. Dislodged by the seismic trem- ors, the coins had been stuck in the building ma- sonry, and are thus of consequence for dating the erection of specific parts of the residence. One coin (cat. no. 4), from the second half of the third cen- tury B.C., was stuck inside a fragment of the opus signinum floor, between fragments of the Achilles mosaic fallen from the first floor of the villa. An- other one (cat. no. 13), from the second half of the second century B.C., was found in a wall founda- tion. Later coins were presumably introduced into the destruction layers inside the building in a similar way. These include two relatively numerous groups of coins, respectively of Marcus Aurelius and Commo- Fig. 6. Halved as of A. Pupius Rufus, struck in Cyrene (cat. no. 47). Drawing by A. Dhiska Fig. 7. Halved as of Scato, struck in Cyrene (cat. no. 50). Drawing by A. Dhiska datable to a hundred-year period between the earth- quakes in A.D. 262 and 365 are equally rare, simi- larly as examples from the late fourth and fifth cen- turies A.D. INTERPRETATION dus, and from the period from the last Severan em- peror to the middle of the third century. In both cases, the coins point to renovation projects of key impor- tance for the villa, connected with changes of the interior decoration. The second refurbishing is con- firmed by a sestertius of Gordian III (cat. no. 87), found in a crack of a stucco cornice element crown- ing the painted wall decoration in the hall with the Dionysus mosaic. Coins of the second quarter of the third century were accompanied in a few cases by con- temporary terracotta oil lamps21, the contexts appar- ently recording the severe earthquake in A.D. 262. Follises struck after the middle of the fourth cen- tury, mainly of the FEL TEMP REPARATIO (fallen horseman) and SPES REIPVBLICE (Virtus), are an im- 21 Most of the terracotta lamps from Polish excavations are dated in reference to the finds from the British excavations at Sidi Khrebish, Benghazi: D.M. BAILEY, The Lamps, in: Ex- cavations at Sidi Khrebish, Benghazi (Berenice) [Supplements to Libya Antiqua - V], vol. 111.2, Tripoli 1985. 80 ARCHEOLOGIA LVI 2005 ANCIENT COINS FROM PTOLEMAIS portant feature for dating archaeological contexts in Cyrenaican buildings, as well as excellent confirma- tion of the catastrophic earthquake that destroyed much of the eastern part of the North African coast in A.D. 365. This phenomenon studied in depth by R.G. Goodchild22 is notable also in the numismatic assemblage from the Villa with a View. Its link to the catastrophe of A.D. 365 is confirmed by other datable finds, especially local coarse wares. Good- child noted that a fair number of buildings damaged in the earthquake of A.D. 262 stopped serving their original purpose. The process concerned private resi- dences as much as public buildings, e.g. the agora in Cyrene, which suffered extensive ruination, and the theatre forming part of the temenos of Asklepios at Balagrae. Losing their original function, these places were filled gradually and chaotically with provisional architecture. The decomposition of the former metropolises and attempts at secondary de- velopment of architecture surviving from the cata- clysm of A.D. 262 lasted until the earthquake of A.D. 365. The process is well visible in the archaeologi- cal record at most sites in Cyrenaica. As in the case of the said theatre at Balagrae, archaeological con- texts linked to the second of the great earthquakes likewise yield a recognizable form of cooking ware - cooking pots with globular bottoms.23 The same is true of the Polish excavations in the Villa with a View where a number of rooms revealed evidence of reuse after the destruction of A.D. 262. Blocks of stone, occasionally bearing architectural decora- tion, salvaged from the debris, were found reused as tables or seats in most of the rooms where life re- turned after the first cataclysm. In rooms were no secondary development was noted, it must be as- sumed that the destruction was complete either during the first earthquake or shortly thereafter. Fieldwork in 2004 revealed an especially interest- ing set of rooms of the Villa with a View, appar- ently reused after the earthquake of A.D. 262. These units opened onto the street and functioned presum- ably as a street kitchen of some kind. They bore traces of repeated repairs after the damages of A.D. 262. The tract itself underwent important alterations at the turn of the third century, presumably in con- nection with full-scale municipal works initiated 22 R.G. GOODCHILD, A Coin-Hoard from "Balagrae" (El- Beida) and the Earthquake of A.D. 365, Libya Antiqua, vol. III- IV, 1966-1967, pp. 203-211 (= Libyan Studies. Select Papers of the late R.G. Goodchild, J. REYNOLDS ed., London 1976, pp. 228-238). 23 J.A. RILEY, Coarse Pottery, in: Excavations at Sidi Khre- bish, Benghazi (Berenice) [Supplements to Libya Antiqua - V], vol. II, Tripoli 1979, p. 265 (Mid Roman cooking ware 3b, cat. nos. D 515-520). following Diocletian's decision to move the politi- cal center of the province from Cyrene to Ptole- mais.24 A test pit cutting through the entire width of the ancient street, dug west of the villa, provided evidence for the contemporaneous construction of new water supply and sewage systems, including twin collectors situated opposite one another. Observations concerning ancient coins from the ex- cavations, combined with the evidence of other dating material, give a fairly consistent idea of the chrono- logy of the explored part of the Villa with a View and its immediate neighborhood, an idea that is further confirmed by stylistic analyses of the archi- tectural decoration, mosaics,25 and wall paintings. The residential structure we are dealing with had a central part planned around an inner courtyard; this part, presumably storied, was erected most probably in the second century B.C. Coins representing the years preceding the reign of Marcus Aurelius are relatively few and spread more or less evenly over time, possibly indicating long-term occupation with- out any major building alterations. The first period of extensive rebuilding appears to be connected with a numerous group of coins from the times of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. This set coincides with the dating of part of the architectural decoration and the wall paintings of the central part of the villa, attrib- uted to the Antonine period on stylistic grounds. At least thirty years separated this refurbishment from the next renovation, which may have lasted even for several years, starting from the last Severan emper- ors and continuing until the mid 3rd century. The central rooms with mosaic floors likely received the final artistic touches in this period. The massive earthquake in A.D. 262 irrevocably destroyed the central rooms (although possibly not all at once), including the four-column peristyle, the room with a mosaic depiction of a female personification on the floor, and the hall with the Dionysus mosaic, into which the upper floor room with the Achilles mosaic collapsed. The lateral rooms, which revealed traces of numerous repairs and long-term occupa- tion, were apparently adapted to living and domestic functions by the new residents. A set of utility rooms opening onto the western street was organized in the southwestern part of the former villa. The seismic cataclysm of A.D. 365 completed the ruination of the building. In the Byzantine period, structures of still undetermined function were erected on top of the ruins, taking advantage of some of the surviving walls and pavements. 24 R.G. GOODCHILD, The Decline of Cyrene and Rise ofPto- lemais: Two New Inscriptions, in: Libyan Studies, pp. 225 sq. 25 See n. 3. 81 PIOTR JAWORSKI ARCHEOLOGIA LVI 2005 CATALOGUE The catalogue includes coins that were success- fully identified as ancient following cleaning26. It omits, therefore, two Byzantine bronzes (reign of Justin II), one Byzantine coin with Arab countermarks on both sides, one Turkish coin and one coin of Victor Em- manuel III, all found in the area under excavation. Coins that could be assigned to one of the catalogue groups, despite being illegible or doubtful, appear at the end of the said groups. Four pieces were so poorly preserved that they could not be attributed to any of the groups listed in the catalogue. Two coins (Constantius I and Severus Alexander) were lost prior to the present study and are described by the author from memory. The assemblage is presented in a geographical and chronological order,27 the first being Greek coins of Cyrenaica, followed by pieces struck in Cyrenaica under the Romans and coins of other Greek mints (Sicily, Syracuse), and ending with coins from the Roman mints. Each item in the catalogue is described according to a standard formula: legend and motifs appearing on the obverse and reverse of the coins (always the most legible example of a given type is listed first); type after key references in the field; present catalogue number; field register number; weight, diameter28 and die-axes of the coin; archaeo- logical context. The following abbreviations have been used: cuir. = cuiras- sed; diad. = diademed; diam. = diameter; dr. = draped; ex. = exergue; 1. = to left; laur. = laureate; obv. = obverse; r. = to right; rad. = radiate; rev. = reverse. Bibliographical abbreviations: Ashmolean I - C.H.V. SUTH- ERLAND, CM. KRAAY, Catalogue of Coins of the Roman Empire in the Ashmolean Museum, vol. I - Augustus (c. 31 B.C. -A.D. 14), Oxford 1975; BUCCyr - E.S.G. ROBINSON, Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Cyrenaica [in the British Museum], London 1927; BMCSicily - R.S. POOLE, A Cata- logue of Greek Coins in the British Museum. Sicily, London 1876; BMCGal - W. WROTH, Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Galatia, Cappadocia and Syria [in the British Museum], London 1899; Buttrey, Cyrene - T.V. BUTTREY, The Coins, in: The Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya. Final Reports, D. WHITE ed. [University Michigan Monograph 97], vol. VI, Philadelphia 1997, p. 1- 66; RIC - The Roman Imperial Coinage, vol. I-X, London 1923-1994; SNG Copenhagen - Sylloge Nummorum Grae- 2° The bronze coins found in Ptolemais are usually in very poor condition. The high salinity of soils in the coastal belt, typi- cal of the whole of Cyrenaica, is responsible for the corrosion. 27 The present catalogue follows the same division of the material as used in T.V. Buttrey's publication of coins from the excavations at Cyrene, see note 11. 28 For halved or cracked coins or coins of irregular shape, the maximum diameter has been given. corum, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, vol. 40 - Egypt: The Ptolemies, A. KRO- MANN, O. M0RKHOLM eds., Copenhagen 1977; Svoronos - J. SVORONOS, Ta Nomismata tou Kratous ton Ptolemaion, Athens 1004-1908; Sydenham - E.A. SYDENHAM (with suppl. by A.G. MALLOY), The Coinage of Caesarea in Cap- padocia, New York 1978. I. GREEK COINS OF CYRENAICA MINT OF CYRENE Magas in Revolt, ca. 282 - 261 B.C., bronze Obv: Zeus Ammon head r. Rev: Palm-tree with fruit. K-Y/[PA] in field, small silphium plant and crab at foot of tree. BMCCyr 297-302. 1. Inv. no. cn/17/03. Symbols in rev. field uncertain; 3.89 g, diam. 18 mm, T. Baulk 1, room 9, destruction layer with numerous fragments of the Achilles mosaic and mud brick remains. Koinon, ca. 250 — 246 B.C., bronze Obv: Zeus Ammon head r. Rev: Silphium plant, K-O/I-N/O-N in field. BMCCyr 4-15. 2. Inv. no. cn/04/02 (Fig. 3). 6.45 g, diam. 21 mm, t. Trench BC100, room 6 (peristyle), destruction layer. Ptolemy III Euergetes, ca. 246 — 222 B.C., bronze Obv: Diad. head of Ptolemy I r., with aegis. Rev: BASIAEfifS IITOAE] MAIOY, Libya head r., dou- ble cornucopiae under chin. BMCCyr cxlv, 33a; Svoronos 866. 3. Inv. no. cn/17/02. 7.26 g, diam. 22 mm, t. Surface of FI3 area, destruction layer. 4. Inv. n° cn/16/03. BALIAEfi£ FI[TOAEMAIOY]; 6.37 g, diam. 22 mm, t. Baulk 1, room 9, destruction layer. Found in a fragment of the opus signinum floor, between fragments of the Achilles mosaic.29 Ptolemy IV Philopator - Ptolemy VI/VIII, ca. 222- 163 B.C., bronze Obv: Diad. head of Ptolemy I r., with aegis. Rev: BAZIAEQS FITOAEMAIOY, Libya head r., single cornucopiae under chin. BMCCyr 44; similar to Svoronos 871. 5. Inv. no. cn/18/03. 8.79 g, diam. 23 mm, T. Baulk 9, room 9, destruction layer, under fragment of archi- tectural decoration (no. 86). 29 For the mosaics mentioned in this catalogue, see MlKOCKI, New Mosaics, passim; IDEM, The Achilles Mosaic. 82 ARCHEOLOGIA LVI 2005 ANCIENT COINS FROM PTOLEMAIS 6. Inv. no. cn/19/02. Halved, BA£IAEfi[E IITOAEMAIOY]; 4.81 g, max. diam. 22 mm, t. Surface of Fill area, destruction layer. As preceding, but smaller. Buttrey, Cyrene 263-265. 7. Inv. no. cn/07/04. BASIAEQS [IITOAEMAIOY]; 1.20 g, diam. 11 mm, f. Baulk 1, room 9, fill of cistern. 8. Inv. no. cn/15/04. Rev. illegible inscription; 0.60 g (thor- oughly corroded), diam. 11 mm, t. Test pit EX9/1, fill of sewage collector. As preceding, but double cornucopiae under chin. BMCCyr 56-59; Buttrey, Cyrene 254-259. 9. Inv. no. cn/24/04. [BASIAEHS] ITTOAEMAIOY; 3.32 g, diam. 16 mm, *V Baulk 2, destruction layer, above wall 44. Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II as King in Cyrenaica, 163-145 B.C., bronze Obv: Zeus Ammon head r. Rev: [EYEPrETOY] BA£IA[Efi2: TITOAEMAIOY], eagle with spread wings stg. r. on thunderbolt. Svoronos 1653; Buttrey, Cyrene 282. 10. Inv. no. cn/57/02. 14.26 g, diam. 32 mm, t. Trench EX 10, destruction layer above wall 50 (close by wall 15). Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II as King in Egypt, 145- 116 B.C., bronze Obv: Zeus Ammon head r. Rev: EYEPrETOY BAIIAfECffi nTOAEMAIOY], eagle with spread wings stg. 1. on thunderbolt, 0E in 1. field. Svoronos 1651, SNG Copenhagen 655-657; Buttrey, Cyrene 284-303. 11. Inv. no. cn/35/02. 4.21 g, max. diam. 20 mm, t. Trench BC99, NW of room 9 and drain, under collapsed column drum. Obv: Zeus Ammon head r. Rev: [EYEPrETOY] BA2IAE[f2S IITOA], eagle with spread wings stg. 1. on thunderbolt. Svoronos 1655; SNG Copenhagen 658-659; Buttrey, Cyrene 306-350. 12. Inv. no. cn/02/02. 2.16 g, max. diam. 14 mm, t. Trench EX10, destruction layer, above wall 3. 13. Inv. no. cn/26/04. [EYEPrjETOY BADIAEffiZ nTO A]; 2.33 g, max. diam. 14 mm, t. Trench BC79, room 20, between stones in foundation of wall 46. Ptolemy IX Soter II, 115-104/1 B.C., bronze Obv. Zeus Ammon head r. Rev. ITTOAEMAIOY BAEIAEfiS, filleted double cornu- copiae, two stars above, E-£2 and @-E across field. Svoronos 1718; SNG Copenhagen 678-680; Buttrey, Cyrene 361-370. 14. Inv. no. cn/51/02. 3.73 g, diam. 20 mm, t. No archaeological context, found after sieving. As preceding, but tripod in r. field. 15. Inv. no. cn/53/02. [IITOAEMAIOY BA£I]AEfi2, illeg- ible letters across field; 4.35 g, diam. 18 mm, T. Trench BC90, room 12, destruction layer. Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II or Ptolemy IX Soter II, bronze Obv: Diad. head of Ptolemy I r., with aegis. Rev: BASIAEfiE IITOAEMAIOY (letters very carelessly formed), Libya head r., single cornucopiae under chin, monogram under neck. BMCCyr 71-82. 16. Inv. no. cn/05/02 (Fig. 2). BAZIAEfll ITTOAEMAIOY; 2.41 g, diam. 20 mm, f. Trench BC99, destruction layer, ca. 1 m N of drain, close to wall 25. 17. Inv. no. cn/03c/02. 3.36 g, 19 mm, T. S edge of trench EX9, upper destruction layer. 18. Inv. no. cn/59/02. BASIAEHS ITT[OAEMAIOY]; 2.88 g, max. diam. 19 mm, Trench EX 10, room 4, accumulation above mosaic. 19. Inv. no. cn/31/04. BAZIAEQE ITTOAEMfAIOY]; 2.20 g, max. diam. 18 mm, t. Trench BC89, room 25, destruction layer. Ptolemy IXSoter II or Ptolemy Apion, 115-96 B.C., bronze Obv: Zeus Ammon head r. Rev: ITTOAEMAIOY BAZIAEfiS (or IITOA BASIA), Isis headdress, E-Q. and ©-£ across field, sometimes only S-ii across field or below (or without). Svoronos 1720-1723, 1845; Buttrey, Cyrene 378- 410, 429-441, 610-666. 20. Inv. no. cn/08/02. Rev. uncertain inscription; 1.86 g, diam. 15 mm, 71. Surface of FI1 area, destruction layer. 21. Inv. no. cn/21/02. Rev. uncertain inscription; 1.71 g, max. diam. 14 mm, V Trench BC100, room 6, destruction layer; ca. 1 m above mosaic pavement of peristyle, close to base of E column of portico. 22. Inv. no. cn/47/02. Rev. uncertain inscription; 2.28 g, diam. 15 mm, t. Trench BC90, room 13, destruction layer. 23. Inv. no. cn/52/02. Rev. uncertain inscription; 1.22 g, max. diam. 12 mm, t. Trench BC100, room 6, destruction layer; ca. 0.5 m above mosaic pavement of peristyle, between bases of S and E columns of portico, NW of wall 4. 24. Inv. no. cn/55/02. Rev. uncertain inscription; 1.77 g, max. diam. 14 mm, t. 83 PIOTR JAWORSKI ARCHEOLOGIA LVI 2005 Trench EX9, destruction layer above level of Byzantine track, W of villa. 25. Inv. no. cn/75/02. Rev. uncertain inscription; 1.85 g, max. diam. 14 mm, i>. No archaeological context, found in sieving. 26. Inv. no. cn/03/03. Rev. uncertain inscription; 1.27 g, max. diam. 12 mm, t. Trench EX10, S corner of room 8, accumulation, ca. 7 cm above mosaic 9. 27. Inv. no. cn/07/03. Svoronos 1720 type (ITTOAEMAIOY [BASIAEftZ], E-n and ©-2 across field); 1.61 g, max. diam. 13 mm, t. Baulk 1, destruction layer, above blocks of wall 1. 28. Inv. no. cn/10/03. Rev. uncertain inscription; 1.92 g; max. diam. 14 mm, f. Baulk 1, room 9, destruction layer above the Achilles mo- saic (M2). Ptolemy/Libya type, uncertain series 29. Inv. no. cn/25/04. Rev. illegible inscription; 3.44 g, diam. 16 mm, V Baulk 2, room 11, destruction layer. 30. Inv. no. cn/71/02. Rev. illegible inscription; 2.66 g, max. diam. 16 mm, t. Trench EX9, room 11, destruction layer. 31. Inv. no. cn/33/04. BASIAEflS ITTOAEMAIOY; 1.63 g, diam. 15 mm, t. Trench BC89, room 27, destruction layer. 32. Inv. no. cn/15/03. Rev. illegible inscription; 1.40 g, max. diam. 15 mm, V Baulk 1, room 9, destruction layer with numerous fragments of the Achilles mosaic and mud brick remains. 33. Inv. no. cn/30/04. Rev. illegible inscription; 0.76 g (thor- oughly corroded), diam. 14 mm, t. E section of trench BC79, room 20, destruction layer. 34. Inv. no. cn/19/03. BAEIAE[fi2 I1TOAEMAIOY]; 0.73 g, diam. 12 mm, t. Trench BC99, room 9, accumulation above the Dionysus mosaic. 35. Inv. no. cn/34/04. Rev. illegible inscription; 0.86 g, max. diam. 11 mm, t. Trench BC89, room 25, destruction layer. Zeus-Ammon/eagle type, uncertain series 36. Inv. no. cn/61/02. Rev. illegible inscription; 1.92 g, max. diam. 15 mm, 4. Trench BC100, room 5, accumulation above mosaic. 37. Inv. no. cn/30/02. Rev. illegible inscription; 1.30 g, max. diam. 12 mm, 1. Trench EX 10, room 2, destruction layer, above cistern. Ptolemaic illegible 38. Inv. no. cn/12/02. 4.12 g, max. diam. 16 mm, die posi- tion uncertain. Trench BC100, destruction layer, above wall 8. 39. Inv. no. cn/58/02. 1.31 g (fragment of coin), diam. and die position unknown. Trench EX 10, room 4, accumulation above mosaic. 40. Inv. no. cn/60/02. 0.87 g, diam. 10 mm., die position uncertain. Trench BC100, destruction layer, between base of E column of portico and W corner of Byzantine "blockhouse" (build- ing B). 41. Inv. no. cn/72/02. 1.19 g (thoroughly corroded), max. diam. 16 mm, die position unknown. Trench BC100, room 6, accumulation above mosaic pave- ment of peristyle. 42. Inv. no. cn/02/03. 0.82 g, max. diam. 13 mm, die posi- tion uncertain. Trench EX 10, E corner of room 8, accumulation above mo- saic, near jug of mid-Roman date. 43. Inv. no. cn/14/03. 0.74 g (broken), max. diam. 11 mm, die position uncertain. Baulk 1, room 9, destruction layer. 44. Inv. no. cn/16/04. 0.20 g (thoroughly corroded, broken), max. diam. 10 mm, die position unknown. Test pit EX9/1, fill of sewage collector. 45. Inv. no. cn/18/04. 8.96 g, diam. 20 mm, die position uncertain. Trench EX9, room 10, fill of drain leading to sewage col- lector. 46. Inv. no. cn/27/04. 0.57 g (thoroughly corroded, broken), max. diam. 12 mm, die position unknown. Test pit EX9/1, destruction layer, near sewage collector. II. CYRENAICA UNDER THE ROMANS LATE 1st CENTURY B.C.30 A. Pupius Rufus (before 31 B.C.), as Obv: [KA]I TAMIAC [L], Zeus Ammon head r. Rev: nO[YniOC ANTICTPA], curule chair, with cush- ion on seat, between two fasces, L between fasces and legs of chair (?). BMCCyr 27-29; Ashmolean I 829-832. 47. Inv. no. cn/29/04 (Fig. 6). Halved (semis ?); 6.83 g, max. diam. 28 mm, 4. Trench BC89, destruction layer above wall 59. Cleopatra VII and M. Antony (31 B.C), as Obv: BACIA/0EA/NE in three lines. Rev: ANTOATIA/r in three lines. Svoronos 1899, SNG Copenhagen 692, 693. 48. Inv. no. cn/16/02 (Fig. 5); 9.72 g, diam. 28 mm, t. Surface of FI24 area, destruction layer. 49. Inv. no. cn/12/04. Halved (semis ?), Obv: [BAC]IA/0EA/ [NE], Rev: ANT[fi]/Yn[A/T]; 4.90 g, max. diam. 27 mm, t. Trench CXCI81, room 14, accumulation above mosaic. Scato under Augustus (after 23 B.C.), as Obv: C[AESAR TR POT], bare head r. 30 The dating and denomination identification of this group of coins after: BUTTREY, The Roman coinage of Cyrenaica, op. cit. 84 ARCHEOLOGIA LVI 2005 ANCIENT COINS FROM PTOLEMAIS Rev: SCATfO PR], curule chair, with cushion on seat. BMCCyr 40. 50. Inv. no. cn/25/02 (Fig. 7). Halved (semis ?); 5.42 g, max. diam. 26 mm, t. Surface of FI12 area, destruction layer. 2nd CENTURY A.D.31 Trajan (98-117 A.D.) COS II (98 - 99 A.D.), as Obv: AYTOKP KAIC NGP TPAIANOC CSB TGPM, laur. head r. Rev: AHMAPX SH YTIAT B within wreath. Sydenham 229; BMCGal 100. 51. Inv. no. cn/09/02. 5.40 g, diam. 23 mm, I. Surface of FI1 area, destruction layer. COS V (103-111 A.D.), as Obv: AYTOKP KAIC N[SP TPAIANOC CIB re]PM AAK, bust r., laur.; dr. on neck. Rev: [AHMAPX <EE YnAT e], Zeus Amnion head r. Sydenham 232a; BMCGal 116. 52. Inv. no. cn/10/02. 7.71 g, diam. 25 mm, i. Surface of Fill area, destruction layer. 53. Inv. no. cn/07/02. Rev. illegible inscription; 6.80 g, diam. 24 mm, i. Surface of Fll area, destruction layer. As preceding, but obv. bust r., rad.; dr. on neck. Sydenham 233. 54. Inv. no. cn/03b/02. Rev. illegible inscription; 7.31 g, diam. 25 mm, T. S edge of trench EX9, upper destruction layer. Hadrian (117-138 A.D.) COS III (119-138 A.D.), semis Obv: HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS, head r., laur. Rev: COS III, Zeus Ammon head r. Sydenham 289. 55. Inv. no. cn/46/02 (Fig. 1). 3.06 g (broken), max. diam. 18 mm, I. Trench EX9, room 11, destruction layer. 56. Inv. no. cn/50/02. Rev. illegible inscription; 5.84 g, max. diam. 22 mm (Sydenham 288 ?), -». Trench BC99, destruction layer above drain. As preceding, but head r., laur.; dr. on neck. Sydenham 289a. 57. Inv. no. cn/31/02. Obv: HAD[RIANVS] AV[GVST]VS, Rev: COS III; 2.67 g (badly corroded), max. diam. 18 mm, 4. Trench CXCI94, destruction layer above ancient street. 31 Cf. supra, remarks concerning the doubtful provenance of this group of coins. M. Aurelius (161-180 A.D.) 170 A.D., dupondius Obv: [M AYPHA ANTCONGINOC CSB], bust r., rad., cuir. Rev: [AHMAPX IK GEOYC KA], Zeus Ammon head r. Sydenham 342; BMCGal 186. 58. Inv. no. cn/62/02. Rev. illegible inscription; 9.26 g, diam. 24 mm, t. Trench EX9, destruction layer close to wall 44, above sew- age collector. COS III, quadrans Obv: [M ANTONJINVS [AVGVSTVS], head r., laur. Rev: COS III, Zeus Ammon head r. Sydenham 349. 59. Inv. no. cn/23/02. 2.79 g, diam. 13 mm, t. Trench EX10, room 2, destruction layer close to wall 14: Uncertain bronze coins of the 2nd c. A.D. 60. Inv. no. cn/22/04. Illegible; 3.79 g (thoroughly corroded), diam. 26 mm, die position unknown. Test pit EX9/1, fill of sewage collector. Found in mortar. 61. Inv. no. cn/64/02. Obv: male head r., otherwise illegible ("Caesarea" ?); 4.30 g; diam. 23 mm, die position uncertain. Trench BC100, room 6, accumulation above mosaic of peri- style, close to base of E column of portico. 62. Inv. no. cn/09/03. Obv: Trajan head r., otherwise illeg- ible ("Caesarea" ?); 4.59 g (broken), max. diam. 22 mm, die position uncertain. Surface of EX 19 area, destruction layer above ancient street. 63. Inv. no. cn/12/03. Obv: Trajan head r., otherwise illeg- ible ("Caesarea" ?); 3.23 g (badly corroded, broken), max. diam. 20 mm, die position uncertain. Trench BC99, room 9, accumulation between the Achilles mosaic and the Dionysus mosaic. 64. Inv. no. cn/28/04. Obv: male head r., otherwise illegible ("Caesarea" ?); 4.24 g, diam. 18 mm, die position uncertain. Trench BC89, destruction layer above wall 59. 65. Inv. no. cn/69/02. Obv: Trajan head r., otherwise illeg- ible ("Caesarea" ?); 2.67 g, max. diam. 16 mm, die position uncertain. Trench EX 10, room 2, destruction layer, close to cistern. III. GREEK COINS STRUCK OUTSIDE CYRENAICA SICILY, SYRACUSE Hieron II (275 - 215 B.C.), hemilitron Obv: Diad. head of Hieron 1., beardless. Rev: Horseman prancing r., holding spear couched, beneath 2, in ex. IEPQNOS. BMCSicily, 593. 85 PIOTR JAWORSKI 66. Inv. no. cn/42/02 (Fig. 4). Halved; 7.23 g, max. diam. 27 mm, t. Trench BC79, destruction layer, N of wall 24. IV. ROMAN EMPIRE Tiberius (14-37 A.D.) As. Rome, 22-23 A.D. Obv: [TI CAESAR] DIVI AVG F AVG[VST IMP VIII], bare head 1. Rev: [PONTIF MAXIM TRIBVN POTEST XXIIII], round S C RIC 44. 67. Inv. no. cn/63/02. Halved; 3.66 g, max. diam. 29 mm, t. Trench CXCI91, destruction layer, E of wall 13. Caligula (37-41 A.D.) As. Rome, 37-38 A.D. Obv: C CAESAR [AVG GERMANICVS PO]N M TR POT, bare head 1. Rev: VESTA above, S-C to 1. and r. of Vesta, veiled and dr., seated 1. on throne, r. holding patera, 1. trans- verse sceptre. RIC 38. 68. Inv. no. cn/15/02. Halved; 4.03 g (badly corroded), max. diam. 30 mm, 1. Trench EX10, room 8, destruction layer. 69. Inv. no. cn/05/03. Obv: [C CAESAjR AVG GERMA- NICVS P[ON M TR POT], rev: [VESTA], S-C. Halved; 5.48 g, max. diam. 28 mm, 4. Trench EX 10, room 8, accumulation above mosaic. Domitian (81-96 A.D.) Sestertius. Rome, 85-87 A.D. Obv: [uncertain variant of legend], bust, laur., r., with aegis. Rev: [IOVI VICTORI] S C, Jupiter seated 1., holding Victory and sceptre. Uncertain RIC type: 253; 279a-b; 313 or 342a. 70. Inv. no. cn/41/02. 7.23 g, diam. 29 mm, 4-. Trench BC79, upper destruction layer, SW of S corner of "blockhouse" (building B). Hadrian (117-138 A.D.) As. Rome, 134-138 A.D. Obv: [HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P], laur. head r. ARCHEOLOGIA LVI 2005 Rev: [S C], Hadrian standing r., 1. foot on crocodile, holding spear and parazonium. RIC 830. 71. Inv. no. cn/65/02. 9.08 g, diam. 27 mm, I. Trench BC 90, room 12, destruction layer. Marcus Aurelius (161-180 A.D.) Dupondius. Rome, 168-171 A.D. Obv: [uncertain variant of legend], head r., rad. Rev: [uncertain variant of legend], Salus standing 1., feeding snake twined round altar, and holding sceptre. Uncertain RIC type: 965; 972; 982 or 1010. 72. Inv. no. cn/33/02. 10.26 g, max. diam. 27 mm, I. Trench EX 10, room 2, destruction layer above cistern. Dupondius. Obv: [uncertain variant of legend], bust r., rad. Rev: [uncertain variant of legend], unknown figure seated 1., in exergue: S C. Uncertain type. 73. Inv. no. cn/13/04. 6.58 g (badly corroded), diam. 27 mm, "V Trench CXCI81, room 14, destruction layer. Sestertii. Rome, 179 A.D. (for Commodus) Obv: [L] AVREL COMMODVS AVG TR P III, head r., laur. Rev: [IMP III COS II P P - S C], Minerva standing L, dropping incense on altar and resting 1. hand on shield; spear rests against her 1. arm. RIC 1607 (M. Aurelius). 74. Inv. no. cn/32/02. 15.09 g, max. diam. 29 mm, 4-. Trench CXCI91, destruction layer, E of wall 13. 75. Inv. no. cn/19/04. L AVRE[L] COMMODVS AVG [TR P III?] (RIC 1599?); 18.39 g, diam. 30 mm, I. Test pit EX9/1, fill of sewage collector. Commodus (180-192 A.D.) Dupondius. Rome, 187—188 A.D. Obv: [M COM]M ANT P FELIX AVG BRIT, head r., rad. Rev: [P M TR P XIII IMP XIII COS V P P S C], Fortuna seated 1., holding rudder on globe and cornucopiae. RIC 516. 76. Inv. no. cn/20/04. 9.76 g, diam. 23 mm, A Test pit EX9/1, fill of sewage collector. Sestertius. Rome, 190 A.D. Obv: [M COMMOD ANT P FELIX AVG BRIT P P], bust r., laur., dr. 86 ARCHEOLOGIA LVI 2005 ANCIENT COINS FROM PTOLEMAIS Rev: [SAECVLI FELIC P M TR P XV IMP VIII COS VI] S C, caduceus between two cornucopiae. RIC 565. 77. Inv. no. cn/68/02. 18.34 g, max. diam. 29 mm, T. Trench EX10, W comer of room 4, accumulation above mosaic, close to wall paintings. Sestertius. Rome, 190-191 A.D. Obv. [M COM]MOD ANT P FEL[IX AVG] BRIT P P, head r., laur. Rev: [APOL PALAT P M TR P XVI COS VI] S C, Apollo standing front, head r., holding plectrum and lyre on column. RIC 578. 78. Inv. no. cn/21/04. 14.33 g, diam. 27 mm, T. Trench CXCI81, destruction layer, corner between perpen- dicular walls 47(48) and 49. Sestertius. Obv: [illegible legend], head r., laur. Rev. [illegible legend], female figure standing 1. Uncertain type. 79. Inv. no. cn/10/04. 19.00 g, diam. 29 mm, I. Trench EX9, room 9, fill of cistern. As. Obv: [illegible legend], head r., laur. Rev: [illegible legend], unknown figure standing. Uncertain type. 80. Inv. no. cn/17/04. 4.86 g (badly corroded), max. diam. 26 mm, 1. Trench EX9, room 10, fill of drain leading to sewage collector. 1st - 2nd c. A.D. Illegible. 81. Inv. no. cn/74/02. Obv. [illegible legend], head r., laur. Rev: [illegible legend], unknown figure standing. 6.79 g, max. diam. 27 mm, t. No archaeological context, found in sieving. 82. Inv. no. cn/14/04. Obv: male head r. Rev: male figure advancing r., holding shield (?), otherwise illegible. 5.60 g (badly corroded, broken), max. diam. 26 mm, 4-. Test pit EX9/1, fill of sewage collector. Severus Alexander (222-235 A.D.) Denarius. Rome, 227 A.D. Obv: IMP C M AVR SEV ALEXAND AVG, bust r., laur., dr. Rev: P M TR P VI COS II P P, Emperor sacrificing 1. over a tripod and holding a scroll. RIC 70. 83. Inv. no. cn/70/02. 2.60 g, diam. 20 mm, i. Trench BC100, room 6, accumulation, ca. 0.15 m above mosaic pavement of peristyle, close to base of E column of portico. Sestertius. Rome, 228-229 A.D. Obv: [illegible legend], bust r., laur., dr. Rev: [illegible legend], Mars (or Virtus) standing 1., foot on prow of ship, holding spear and parazonium. Uncertain RIC type: 476-478; 489-490. 84. Inv. no. cn/28/02. 16.76 g, max. diam. 30 mm, f. Trench EX10, room 3, destruction layer. Sestertius. Obv: [unknown legend], head r., laur. Rev: [unknown legend], unknown figure standing. Uncertain type. 85. Inv. no. cn/01/02 (missing). Trench EX10, room 4, destruction layer, close to entrance to room 8. Gordian III (238-244 A.D.) Sestertius. Rome, 241-243 A.D. Obv: IMP GORDIA[NVS PIVS FEL] AVG, bust r., laur., dr., cuir. Rev: [IOVI STATORI] S C, Jupiter standing front, head r., holding long sceptre and thunderbolt. RIC 298a (299a ?) 86. Inv. no. cn/14/02. 15.54 g, max. diam. 28 mm, T. Trench BC99, destruction layer. Sestertius. Rome, 243-244 A.D. Obv: [IMP] GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, bust r., laur., dr., cuir. Rev: FELICIT TEMPOR S C, Felicitas standing 1., hold- ing long caduceus and cornucopiae. RIC 328a. 87. Inv. no. cn/11/03. 17.20 g, max. diam. 30 mm, T. Trench BC99, room 9, close to wall 2, inside fragment of stucco (wall decoration). Philip I (244-249 A.D.) Sestertius. Rome, 247 A.D. Obv: IMP PHILIPPVS AVG, bust r., laur., dr., cuir. Rev: P [M] TR P IIII COS II P P S C, Felicitas standing 1., holding long caduceus and cornucopiae. RIC 150c. 88. Inv. no. cn/49/02. 20.62 g, diam. 29 mm, T. Trench EX 10, room 4, destruction layer above wall 15. Sestertius. Rome, undated. Obv: IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, bust r., laur., dr., cuir. 87 PIOTR JAWORSKI ARCHEOLOGIA LVI 2005 Rev: LAET FVNDATA S C, Laetitia standing L, r. foot on prow, holding patera and rudder. RIC 176a. 89. Inv. no. cn/39/02. 16.73 g, diam. 30 mm, t. Trench BC99, destruction layer above drain. Trajan Decius (249-251 A.D.) Sestertius. Rome, undated. Obv: IMP C [M Q] TRAIANVS [DECIVS AVG], bust r., laur., cuir. Rev: PANNONIAE S C, The two Pannoniae standing r. and 1., each wears robe reaching to feet and holds standard; the one on r. raises r. hand. RIC 124a. 90. Inv. no. cn/05/04. 14.41 g, diam. 28 mm, I. test pit EX9/1, destruction layer above stone cover of sewage collector. Trebonianus Gallus (251-253 A.D.) Sestertius. Rome, undated. Obv: [IMP] CAES C VIBIVS TRE[BONIANVS GALLVS AVG], bust r., laur., dr., cuir. Rev: P[IETA]S AVGG S C, Pietas, veiled, standing 1., raising both hands. RIC 116a. 91. Inv. no. cn/06/04. 14.02 g, max. diam. 27 mm, t. Test pit EX9/1, destruction layer above stone cover of sewage collector. Gallienus (253-268 A.D.) Antoninianus. Mediolanum, 257-259 A.D. Obv: GALLIENVS [AVG], head r., rad. Rev: PROV[ID AV]G, Providentia standing 1., holding globe and sceptre. RIC 508. 92. Inv. no. cn/56/02. 1.39 g (broken), max. diam. 19 mm, i. Trench EX9, destruction layer above street aqueduct, W of villa. Probus (276-282 A.D.) Antoninianus. Unknown mint and date. Obv: IMP C [M AVR PRO]BVS P F AVG, bust r., rad., dr., cuir. Rev: CONCORDIA MILITVM, Victory standing r., holding palm, presenting wreath to emperor stand- ing 1. with spear. Uncertain RIC type. 93. Inv. no. cn/54/02. 3.54 g, diam. 22 mm, I. Trench BC99, room 9, destruction layer above the Achilles mosaic. Constantius I (293-306 A.D.) Antoninianus. Unknown mint, before 295 A.D. Obv: [uncertain variant of legend], bust r., rad., dr., cuir. Rev: [uncertain variant of legend], two figures stand- ing opposite. Uncertain RIC type. 94. Inv. no. cn/26/02 (missing). Surface of Fill area, destruction layer. Licinius I (308-324 A.D.) Follis. Siscia, 315-316 A.D. Obv: IMP LIC LICINIVS P F AVG, head r., laur. Rev: IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing r., hold- ing Victory on globe, eagle with wreath to 1.; A in r. field, in exergue: SIS-. RIC 199 (note). 95. Inv. no. cn/03a/02. 2.96 g, diam. 22 mm, I. S edge of trench EX9, upper destruction layer. Licinius II (317-324 A.D.) Follis. Antioch, 317-320 A.D. Obv: D N VAL LICIN LICINIV[S NOB C], bust 1., laur., dr.; globe, sceptre in 1. hand, mappa in r. hand. Rev: IOVI CONSERVATORI CAESS, Jupiter standing 1., chlamys across 1. shoulder, leaning on sceptre, holding Victory on globe, captive at feet; in exergue: SMANT. RIC 29. 96. Inv. no. cn/32/04. 1.80 g (badly corroded, broken), max. diam. 19 mm, Y Trench BC89, room 25, destruction layer above mosaic 10. Crispus (317-326 A.D.) Follis. Cyzicus, 321-324 A.D. Obv: D N FL IVL CRISPVS NOB CAES, bust r., laur., dr., cuir. Rev: IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing 1., chla- mys across 1. shoulder, holding sceptre with eagle on top, Victory on globe in r. hand; eagle with wreath to 1.; captive to r. on ground; X/Iir in r. field, in exergue: SMKX. 88 ARCHEOLOGIA LVT 2005 ANCIENT COINS FROM PTOLEMAIS RIC 17. 97. Inv. no. cn/34/02. 2.71 g, diam. 20 mm, t. Trench CXCI91, layer of burning, E of wall 13. Constantine I (307-337 A.D.) Posthumous bronze. Nicomedia, 341-346 A.D. Obv: [DV CONSTANTINVS PT AVGG], head r., veiled. Rev: VN MR, Constantine veiled, standing r., in ex- ergue: SMNS. RIC 57. 98. Inv. no. cn/44/02. 1.28 g, diam. 15 mm, I. Trench BC79, destruction layer above wall 24. Constantius II (337-361 A.D.) AE 3. Aquileia, 352-360 A.D. Obv: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, bust r., diad., dr., cuir. Rev: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing falling enemy horseman, in exergue: AQ. Uncertain RIC type. 99. Inv. no. cn/48/02. 2.09 g, max. diam. 20 mm, i. Trench BC79, destruction layer, N of wall 24. As preceding, but AE 4, unknown mint. 100. Inv. no. cn/20/02. 1.49 g, max. diam. 16 mm, t. Trench EX 10, room 1, destruction layer. 101. Inv. no. cn/36/02. 0.61 g (badly corroded, broken), max. diam. 16 mm, t. Trench CXCI94, destruction layer, intra muros. 102. Inv. no. cn/77/02. 1.65 g, diam. 16 mm, ■V Trench BC90, room 14, destruction layer. 103. Inv. no. cn/01/04. 1.77 g, diam. 17 mm, t. Trench BC79, room 25, destruction layer. Found with three other Late Roman bronzes (catalogue no. 105-107). AE 4. Siscia (?), 355-361 A.D. Obv: D N CONSTANTIVS [P F AVG], bust r., diad., dr., cuir. Rev: [SPES REIBVBLICE], Emperor standing 1., hold- ing globe and spear; in exergue: [?]ISR Uncertain RIC type. 104. Inv. no. cn/11/04. 1.04 g (badly corroded, broken), max. diam. 16 mm, 1. Trench CXCI81, destruction layer. Uncertain bronzes ca. 350-360 A.D. 105. Inv. no. cn/02/04. 1.12 g (thoroughly corroded, bro- ken), max. diam. 15 mm, die position unknown. Trench BC79, room 25, destruction layer. Found with three other Late Roman bronzes. 106. Inv. no. cn/03/04. 0.36 g (thoroughly corroded, bro- ken), max. diam. 16 mm, die position unknown. Trench BC79, room 25, destruction layer. Found with three other Late Roman bronzes. 107. Inv. no. cn/04/04. 0.64 g (thoroughly corroded, bro- ken), max. diam. 13 mm, die position unknown. Trench BC79, room 25, destruction layer. Found with three other Late Roman bronzes. Arcadius (383-408 A.D.) AE 4. Heraclea, 383-392 A.D. Obv: [D] N ARCADIVS [P F AVG], bust r., diad., dr., cuir. Rev: SALVS REI[PUBLICAE], Victory to 1., trophy on shoulder, dragging captive; in exergue: SMH[?]. Uncertain RIC type. 108. Inv. no. cn/08/03. 0.87 g, max. diam. 14 mm, 4-. Trench EX9, room 9, destruction layer above destroyed fresco layer. AE 3. Unknown mint, 395-408 A.D. Obv: D N ARCADIfVS P F AVG], bust r., diad., dr., cuir. Rev: VIRTVS [EXERCITI], Emperor facing, head r., in r. hand spear, 1. rests on shield, being crowned with wreath by Victory standing to 1., holding palm in 1. hand. Uncertain RIC type. 109. Inv. no. cn/43/02. Halved; 1.28 g, max. diam. 17 mm, I. Trench BC90, destruction layer. Small bronzes. 5th c. A.D., uncertain reign and mint. Obv: [illegible legend], bust r., diad., dr., cuir. Rev: VOT X MVLT [?] within wreath. Uncertain RIC type. 110. Inv. no. cn/40/02. 0.96 g, diam. 12 mm, t. Trench EX9, destruction layer. Obv: [illegible legend], bust r., diad., dr., cuir. Rev: Cross within wreath. Uncertain RIC type. 111. Inv. no. cn/45/02. 0.61 g, diam. 10 mm, I. Trench BC90, destruction layer. Late Roman illegible 112. Inv. no. cn/37/02. 1.83 g (thoroughly corroded, bro- ken), uncertain diam. and die position. Trench CXCI94, destruction layer, E edge of street. 113. Inv. no. cn/76/02. 2.80 g, diam. 12 mm, die position uncertain. No archaeological context, found in sieving. 114. Inv. no. cn/01/03. 0.94 g, diam. 9 mm, die position uncertain. Trench EX9, Late Roman level of street. 89 PIOTR JAWORSKI ARCHEOLOGIA LVI 2005 115. Inv. no. cn/04/03. 0.56 g (thoroughly corroded, bro- ken), max. diam. 10 mm, die position unknown. Trench EX10, room 8, accumulation above mosaic. 116. Inv. no. cn/06/03. 1.07 g, diam. 11 mm, die position uncertain. Trench BC79, destruction layer. 117. Inv. no. cn/08/04. 0.37 g (thoroughly corroded), max. diam. 12 mm, die position unknown. Trench BC79, destruction layer above wall 46. 118. Inv. no. cn/23/04. 0.35 g (thoroughly corroded, bro- ken), max. diam. 13 mm, die position unknown. Trench EX10, room 8, destruction layer. Translated by Iwona Zych Instytut Archeologii UW Rrakowskie Przedmiescie 26/28 PL - 00-927 Warszawa stefan.benito@wp.pl VIII PIOTR JAWORSKI Coins from Ptolemais (2002-2004). Numbers on table correspond to catalogue numbers. All photos by D. Frankowska-Delman. Coins from Ptolemais (2002-2004). Numbers on table correspond to catalogi All photos by D. Frankowska-Delman. X PIOTR JAWORSKI Coins from Ptolemais (2002-2004). Numbers on table correspond to catalogue numbers. All photos by D. Frankowska-Delman. I PIOTR JAWORSKI XI Coins from Ptolemais (2002-2004). Numbers on table correspond to catalogue numbers. All photos by D. Frankowska-Delman.